Aerial and ground surveys to detect and evaluate forest insect and disease conditions in North Dakota were made during June 1977 by personnel from the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Insect and Disease Management staff and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. A forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the Turtle Mountains was estimated to cover 195,000 acres in this popular vacation area. Siberian elm shelterbelts throughout the state were heavily defoliated by the spring and fall cankerworms. Cottonwood trees along the Missouri River near Bismarck were dying from a combination of soil compaction and possible nitrogen poisoning in cattle feedlots. Dutch elm disease was evident in six American elm trees near Lisbon.