Objective: This study was undertaken to examine bone mineral density (BMD) of the hand after replantation or revascularization surgery in the upper extremity and to investigate the relationship between BMD and muscle strength, range of motion and motor activity.Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients who underwent a replantation or revascularization surgery in the upper extremity were included in this study. Total active motion (TAM), handgrip and lateral pinch strength were evaluated. Motor activity was assessed using the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) and BMD was estimated by radiographic absorptiometry (ALARA). The results of the injured and non-injured sides were compared.Results: The average length of time that had elapsed after surgery was 5.36±3.08 years. Handgrip and pinch strength, TAM of the fingers and thumb as well as the PPT of the replanted extremity were significantly decreased (p<0.05). No significant difference in BMD was observed between the injured and non-injured hands (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between lateral pinch strength and BMD and a negative correlation between age and BMD (p<0.05).Conclusion: Although replantation affected the muscle strength, functional level and TAM, there were no differences in BMD estimates between the operated and non-operated hands. Motor activity and lateral pinch strength are related to BMD.Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2011;57:73-9.