المستودع الأكاديمي جامعة المدينة

Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

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dc.creator Dana Boyd Barr
dc.creator Lee-Yang Wong
dc.creator Roberto Bravo
dc.creator Gayanga Weerasekera
dc.creator Martins Odetokun
dc.creator Paula Restrepo
dc.creator Do-Gyun Kim
dc.creator Carolina Fernandez
dc.creator Ralph D. Whitehead Jr.
dc.creator Jose Perez
dc.creator Maribel Gallegos
dc.creator Bryan L. Williams
dc.creator Larry L. Needham
dc.date 2011
dc.date.accessioned 2013-05-30T13:23:46Z
dc.date.available 2013-05-30T13:23:46Z
dc.date.issued 2013-05-30
dc.identifier http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/8/3063/
dc.identifier http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=openurl&genre=article&issn=16604601&date=2011&volume=8&issue=8&spage=3063
dc.identifier.uri http://koha.mediu.edu.my:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/5745
dc.description Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were among the first pesticides that EPA reevaluated as part of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Our goal was to assess exposure to OP insecticides in the U.S. general population over a six-year period. We analyzed 7,456 urine samples collected as part of three two-year cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2004. We measured six dialkylphosphate metabolites of OP pesticides to assess OP pesticide exposure. In NHANES 2003–2004, dimethylthiophosphate was detected most frequently with median and 95th percentile concentrations of 2.03 and 35.3 µg/L, respectively. Adolescents were two to three times more likely to have diethylphosphate concentrations above the 95th percentile estimate of 15.5 µg/L than adults and senior adults. Conversely, for dimethyldithiophosphate, senior adults were 3.8 times and 1.8 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than adults and adolescents, respectively, while adults were 2.1 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than the adolescents. Our data indicate that the most vulnerable segments of our population—children and older adults—have higher exposures to OP pesticides than other population segments. However, according to DAP urinary metabolite data, exposures to OP pesticides have declined during the last six years at both the median and 95th percentile levels.
dc.language eng
dc.publisher Molecular Diversity Preservation International
dc.source International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.subject NHANES
dc.subject urine
dc.subject organophosphorus
dc.subject pesticide
dc.subject dialkylphosphate
dc.title Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004


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