Educational reform has provided an impetus for teachers to use more authentic assessment in the classroom, having students demonstrate understanding or knowledge through the performance of tasks or skills. Performance-based assessment (PBA) is a concept that inservice teachers and preservice teachers themselves need to understand and use. In this study the authors identify one critical component for PBA participants, that of self-evaluation using the reflective process. Results show that the process of self-evaluation using reflection is critical to concrete aspects of PBA and has implications for schools, teachers, and students. Several self-reflective activities are presented and qualitative findings are discussed.