Based on the introduction of biological non-smooth surface and the characteristics of drag reduction and wear resistance, a series of macroscopic and microcosmic observation and analysis on the surface structure of pincers of crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) were finished with the OLYMPUS stereo microscope and LSCM (Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope). The results indicate that the surface of pincers of crawfish is mainly constituted by small pits, small semicircle bumps and small stripe-type groove, and there are clusters of bristles which have a lot of spinules in their surface within the pit and around the small bump. It shows the surface of pincers of crawfish is non-smooth and has typical non-smooth surface characteristics. In addition，by analyzing the variation rules of small haplonts(pits and bumps) in the non-smooth surface of pincers of crawfish, authors get the conclusion that the keystone and direction of the non-smooth surface study should be focused on the quantitative analysis to the changes( size, form, and the distribution) of the small haplonts influence on the characteristics of the drag reduction and wear resistance, and its engineering application. <br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Non-Smooth Surface; Pincers of Crawfish; Drag Reduction; Wear Resistance