Submitted on 9 Apr 2008 (v1), last revised 18 Jun 2008 (this version, v4).-- 49 pages, LaTeX file using JHEP style, 13 figures included.-- Final version published in: JHEP06(2008)072, full-text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/06/072.We develop a comprehensive description of three flavor neutrino oscillations inside the Earth in terms of neutrino oscillograms in the whole range of nadir angles and for energies above 0.1 GeV. The effects of the 1-2 mass splitting and mixing as well the interference of the 1-2 and 1-3 modes of oscillations are quantified. The 1-2 mass splitting and mixing lead to the appearance, apart from the resonance MSW peaks, of the parametric resonance peak for core-crossing trajectories at E_v ~ 0.2 GeV. We show that the interference effects, in particular CP violation, have a domain structure with borders determined by the solar and atmospheric magic lines and the lines of the interference phase condition. The dependence of the oscillograms on the Dirac CP-violating phase is studied. We show that for sin^2(2 Θ13) < 0.1 the strongest dependence of the oscillograms on δ is in the 1-2 and 1-3 resonance regions.The work of A.Yu.S. has been supported in part by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. M.M. is supported by MCI through the Ramón y Cajal program and through the national project FPA2006-01105, and by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid through the HEPHACOS project P-ESP-00346.Peer reviewed