Article available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.02173The genitalia of Drosophila derive from the genital disc and require the activity of the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) Hox gene. This gene encodes two different proteins, Abd-B M and Abd-B R. We show here that the embryonic genital disc, like the larval genital disc, is formed by cells from the eighth (A8), ninth (A9) and tenth (A10) abdominal segments, which most likely express the Abd-B M, Abd-B R and Caudal products, respectively. Abd-B m is needed for the development of A8 derivatives such as the external and internal female genitalia, the latter also requiring abdominal-A (abd-A), whereas Abd-B r shapes male genitalia (A9 in males). Although Abd-B r represses Abd-B m in the embryo, in at least part of the male A9 such regulation does not occur. In the male A9, some Abd-B m–r– or Abd-B r– clones activate Distal-less and transform part of the genitalia into leg or antenna. In the female A8, many Abd-B m–r– mutant clones produce similar effects, and also downregulate or eliminate abdominal-A expression. By contrast, although Abd-B m is the main or only Abd-B transcript present in the female A8, Abd-B m– clones induced in this primordium do not alter Distal-less or abd-A expression, and transform the A8 segment into the A4. The relationship between Abd-B and abd-A in the female genital disc is opposite to that of the embryonic epidermis, and contravenes the rule that posteriorly expressed Hox genes downregulate more anterior onesThis work has been supported by grants from the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (number BMC 2002-00300), the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (number 08.1/0031/2001.1) and an Institutional Grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces. D.F. and L.d.N. are supported by fellowships from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y CienciaPeer reviewed