Este artículo se basa en los resultados del proyecto, “Fighting poverty and social exclusion in southern Europe: dilemmas of organisation and implementation” (FIPOSC), financiado por la Comisión Europea (HPSE-CT-2001-60020). Los autores agradecen a Ana Arriba, Francesca Bastagli, Teresa Bomba, Teresa Buil, Rita Fernandes, Giselas Matos y Stefano Sacchi por sus contribuciones y apoyo prestado, así como a todos los participantes en el seminario FIPOSC (Milán 23-24 Mayo, 2002). Luis Moreno agradece a la Secretaria de Estado de Educación y Universidades (PR2002-0200) su ayuda financiera durante la redacción de este artículo. Publicado en: Revista Internacional de Sociología, 36: 7-31, 2003.
The marginal role of social assistance and the absence of minimum income programmes have long been thought to constitute defining characteristics of the southern European model of welfare. Nevertheless, over the 1990s significant innovations in this field have taken place. The article aims to contribute to the analysis of recent developments by critically examining the experience of anti-poverty policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. It is argued that the ‘patchiness’ of safety nets in southern Europe is due to a unique set of constraints, the most relevant of which are the role of families and the ‘softness’ of state institutions. A review of national profiles reveals that new policies introduced in all four countries mark progress towards redressing some of the historical imbalances of that welfare model. In particular, fully-fledged minimum income schemes now operate in Portugal and in certain Spanish regions, while an experiment has been carried out involving a number of Italian municipalities. In view of this, the article concludes that social safety nets in southern Europe remain frail in terms of institutional design as well as political support and legitimacy.
Peer reviewed