The full incorporation of women to the labour market is widely assumed as a ‘social justice’ value in advanced societies, playing a key role both for women’s personal and social development, and for the attainment of the broader goal of equality of opportunities. Recently, this question has also turned into a key element for the sustainability of social protection systems, becoming a policy priority for the UE. However, with one the lowest activity rate and the highest unemployment rate of UE for women, the goal of full employment set in the Summit of Lisbon (2000) will mean for Spain a much harder effort than to other countries.