In 2003 the NGO Médecins sans Frontières started an anti-viral drug treatment program for HIV/AIDS patients in the regional hospital of Kompong Cham, Cambodia. In 2005 a total of 1100 adults and 149 children were on the active list. Sixty percent of new patients were at WHO stages 3 or 4. Compliance with HAART was high after 24 months. Access to second-line regimens is discussed.