EconStorhttp://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/123456789/298532024-03-28T20:17:36Z2024-03-28T20:17:36ZThe Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Employment and Wages in Tunisian Industrieshttp://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/10419/206502013-10-16T07:11:41Z2013-10-16T00:00:00ZThe Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Employment and Wages in Tunisian Industries
This paper investigates short and long-run effects of trade liberalization on employment and wages. Employment and wage equations are estimated using data (1971?96) for importable and exportable sectors in Tunisia. Causality tests show that causality is unidirectional. Wages strongly causes employment but employment does not cause wages. There is significant difference in the direction of responses in the short and long run. Results from empirical testing using the models find only support for the short-run theoretical predictions for the exportable sector. Similar results obtained for the importable sectors. We find the differences in the short and long-run wage and employment responses to changes in export to be explained by learning by doing, organizational changes and improved factor utilization and labour productivity. A possible reason for the divergence of theory and practice is that the theoretical model is premised on the basis of a fixed supply of labour. Exportable employment could therefore only rise if importable employment fell. However, as we have seen, the supply of labour increased dramatically in Tunisia as women entered the labour market. This allowed importable employment to be maintained (even slightly increased) as the exportable sector expanded.
2013-10-16T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Union Wage-Settings on Firms' Production Factor Decisionshttp://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/10419/206482013-10-16T07:11:39Z2013-10-16T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Union Wage-Settings on Firms' Production Factor Decisions
This study is concerned with the development of a theoretical model and its empirical application to the estimation of the interaction between firms and trade union in determining wages and employment. The focus is on analyzing the effects of unions? demands on the firm?s choice of factors of production. In a two-step process the union and firm determine wages and capital stock, conditional on which the firm decides on production factors of employment, working hours and capital operating time. We suggest the use of a panel data approach applied to manufacturing data. A dynamic model is specified in which the optimal levels of the variables of interest and the speed of their adjustments are modeled in terms of observable policy variables.
2013-10-16T00:00:00ZLabour-Use Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industrieshttp://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/10419/206492013-10-16T07:11:39Z2013-10-16T00:00:00ZLabour-Use Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industries
This paper investigates the process of adjustment in employment. A dynamic model is applied to a panel of six Tunisian manufacturing industries observed over the period 1971?96. The adjustment process is industry and time specific. The adjustment parameter is specified in terms of factors affecting the speed of adjustment. Industries are assumed to adjust their labour inputs towards a desired level of labour-use. A translog labour requirement function is specified in terms of observable variables and is used to model the desired level of labour-use. The labour requirement is specified to be function of wages, output, quasi-fixed capital stock and technology. The empirical results show that in the long run, employment demand responds greatest to value-added, followed by capital stock changes, and least by wages. The speed of adjustment in employment and the degree of labour-use efficiency show large variations among the sectors and over time.
2013-10-16T00:00:00ZScale Effects in Markets with Searchhttp://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/10419/206462013-10-16T07:11:38Z2013-10-16T00:00:00ZScale Effects in Markets with Search
Reduced-form tests of scale effects in markets with search, run when aggregate matching functions are estimated, may miss important scale effects at the micro level, because of the reactions of job searchers. A semi-structural model is developed and estimated on a British sample, testing for scale effects on the offer arrival rate and the wage offer distribution. When contrasting London with the rest of the country we find scale effects in wage offers. But the larger market delivers higher realized wages and not more matches, because the scale effects on matches are offset by the response of reservation wages.
2013-10-16T00:00:00Z